A Guide to the Key Highway Code Rules Updates for Drivers
In early 2022, the UK’s Highway Code underwent one of its most significant updates, introducing new rules designed to better protect vulnerable road users like pedestrians and cyclists. Now, over three years later, these principles are a fundamental part of driving in the UK and are essential factors in how insurers and the courts determine fault after an accident.
This guide explains the key rules every driver needs to know.
Rule H1: The Hierarchy of Road Users
The foundation of the 2022 changes is the ‘Hierarchy of Road Users’. This principle places the greatest responsibility on those who can cause the most harm.
The Highway Code states: ‘Those in charge of vehicles that can cause the greatest harm in the event of a collision bear the greatest responsibility to take care and reduce the danger they pose to others.’
This means drivers of large vehicles like lorries and buses have the highest responsibility, followed by drivers of vans, cars, and motorcycles. In turn, cyclists and horse riders have a responsibility to be aware of pedestrians. The rule does not remove personal responsibility from anyone; all road users are expected to take care of their own safety and that of others.
Key Rules at Junctions (Rules H2 and H3)
Two major rules were introduced to improve safety at junctions, and while they caused some confusion initially, they are now a clear expectation for all drivers.
- Rule H2 (For Drivers & Riders): You should give way to pedestrians who are crossing or waiting to cross a road you are turning into or out of. If you are turning into a side road and a pedestrian is waiting to cross, you must let them pass before you proceed.
- Rule H3 (For Drivers & Motorcyclists): You should not cut across the path of cyclists, horse riders, or horse-drawn vehicles when you are turning. This means you must wait for a safe gap in their path before completing your turn, rather than trying to turn in front of them.
A Note on E-Scooters
A major area of interest for road users in 2025 is e-scooters. The law remains clear:
- It is illegal to use a privately owned e-scooter on public roads, pavements, or in cycle lanes.
- Government-approved rental e-scooters, available in specific trial areas, are legal to use but come with their own set of rules, including a maximum speed limit and a requirement for the rider to have a driving licence.
What These Rules Mean for Your Insurance
It is crucial to understand the legal status of the Highway Code. While it is an advisory document, it can be used in court to establish liability under the Road Traffic Act.
Many rules use the word “should,” which is strong advice. Other rules use “must/must not,” which are legal requirements. If you fail to follow an advisory rule and cause an accident, a court can use your actions as evidence that you were driving carelessly or without due consideration for others.
Drivers found at fault for an accident face potential driving convictions, which can lead to fines, penalty points, or even a ban. If you have accidents or convictions on your licence, you will likely see your insurance premiums increase.
If you are concerned about how past convictions might affect your insurance, get in touch today for a specialist convicted driver insurance quote.
